Twenty five countries vote in favour of US Draft Resolution against Sri Lanka

The US Draft Resolution against Sri Lanka was adopted at the United Nations Human Rights Council Sessions in Geneva a short while ago.
Twenty five voted in favour of the resolution, thirteen against and eight countries abstained from voting.






Countries voted in favor of the US sponsored resolution :
1. Benin
2. Libya
3. Sierra Leone
4. India
5. Republic of Korea
6. Argentina
7. Brazil
8. Chile
9. Costa Rica
10. Guatemala
11. Peru
12. Austria
13. Germany
14. Ireland
15. Italy
16. Spain
17. Switzerland
18. USA
19. Czech Republic
20. Estonia
21. Monte Negro
22. Poland
23. Moldova
24. Romania
25. Ivory Coast

Countries voted against US sponsored resolution :
1. Mauritius
2. Indonesia
3. Kuwait
4. Maldives
5. Pakistan
6. Qatar
7. Thailand
8. United Arab Emirates
9. Ecuador
10. Venezuela
11. Uganda
12. Philippines
13. Congo

Countries abstained from voting :
1. Ethiopia
2. Angola
3. Botswana
4. Burkina Faso
5. Kenya
6. Japan
7. Kazakhstan
8. Malaysia

Eliminating Wrinkles during Lamination

 

Creasing is when one of the substrates is separated or de-laminated from the other due to different extension properties in both films. This leads to the films extending at different rates when a tension is applied on them. This can be eliminated by the correct use of tensions applied, the proper evaporation provided by the ovens or by simply selecting the correct adhesive.

How creasing is caused

When considering the lamination of a printed PET (Polyethylene Terepthalate) film with an aluminium foil along with an PE (Polyethylene) layer on the other end, the product structure are shown below. In addition to that, for a product's web width of 42”, the suggested tensions could be obtained using the formula below.

Suggested Tension = Tension Level * Caliper * Web Width

The results obtained are as follows:

Material	Caliper (inch)	Thickness (%)	Tensile Modulus (psi)	Tension Levels (lbs/inch/mil)	Suggested Tension (#)
PET	0.00048	10.4	500000	0.5 – 1.5	10 to 30
Foil	0.00035	7.6	10000000	0.5 – 1.5	7 to 21
PE	0.00400	82	25000	0.25 – 0.3	40 to 48

For the lamination process to be completed effectively, the strain applied on each of the materials will have to be approximately equal before the lamination process takes place in order to prevent defects such as creasing.

Using the formula,

Stalin = Stress / Modulus of Elasticity = (Tension / Area) / Modulus of Elasticity = Tension / (Area * Modulus of Elasticity)

Since the Modulus of Elasticity for aluminium is about 20 times greater than that of PET, in order for both of them to undergo approximately equal strains, the aluminium will have to be pulled by its highest possible tension suggested and PET should be pulled by its lowest possible tension suggested.

However, another problem is prone to arise when the aluminium foil is pulled with high tension, which is the formation of diagonal wrinkles in the long web lead before it passes through the nip roller. These diagonal wrinkles are a product of cross machine difference in the web's thickness and could get a lot more noticeable with roller deflection or misalignment. The use of a Herringbone Spreader Roll will eliminate the wrinkles on the foil before being fed into the laminating nip roller. In addition to that, the spreader roll will also compensate for any deflections or misalignment that could cause any wrinkles to the foil.



A Herringbone Roller



Dry Lamination Process

This article focuses on the dry laminating process known as dry bond laminating. In this process, a liquid adhesive, normally using ethyl acetate as a solvent, is applied on the substrate to be laminated by means of a gravure cylinder. The gravure cylinder has a doctor blade attached to it to ensure that a uniform amount of adhesive is applied on the substrate.

Once the adhesive is applied on the substrate, it is passed through three ovens each of varying temperature and all consisting of fans. The heat and airflow in the oven evaporates the solvent while the remaining solid compounds of the adhesive is left on the substrate.

The substrate is then joined with the second substrate with the help of a heated compression nip roller. The high temperature and pressure causes the adhesive to flow freely and create an instantaneous bond between the two substrates once it cools.

The Dry Lamination Process

The stress applied by the laminator throughout the whole process needs to be under the right amount of tension (hence the use of many idler rolls) in order to prevent the films from tearing or creasing (or tunnelling) after the completion of the lamination process.

The correct adhesive will have to be selected as well, in order for effective lamination, an adhesive with a surface tension lower than the critical surface tension of the substrate that is to be coated by it. Some preparation processes such as corona treatment or plasma treatment increase the surface tension of substrates, this allows for more efficient lamination.

However, the bonding ability of the adhesive isn't the only factor that needs to be taken into account. If the adhesive could increase the performance of the final product such as improving its barrier properties, that may go a long way.

Classic Print Ads

Slitter Machine Troubleshooting

Metallised Films, Properties and Uses

Metallised films are produced by the coating of polymer films such as OPP (Oriented Polypropene), PET(Polyethylene Terepthalate) and Nylon (Polyamide) with a thin layer of metal like aluminium.

Metallised films are produced by a process known as Physical Vapour Deposition. Although aluminium is the most common metal used for the deposition process, other metals like nickel or chromium can be used too.



The metallised film is of a glossy, silvery surface very similar to that of aluminium and gives the coated polymer a reduced permeability to light, water vapour and oxygen and at the same time still keeps vital properties such as high toughness, easily heat sealed and low density intact. The metallisation process reduces the Oxygen Transmission Rate (OTR) by about 50 times for OPP films and up to 10 times in PET films. In addition to that, metallised films have very good insulation properties and its reflective appearance improves a product's value aesthetically when printed on.

Although metallised films cannot match the barrier properties of aluminium foils, has more advantages such as:

• They are cheaper than aluminium foils.
• Unlike aluminium foils, there are no difficulties encountered during any printing or lamination processes such as tearing or creasing.
• Furthermore, foils are prone to cracking and pinholing when flexed. Hence, there is a high chance of compromising its barrier properties.
• Metallised films have a lower density and the film produced can be much more thinner than an aluminium foil.
• Foil laminations aren't recyclable.

Due to its above mentioned properties, metallised films have a range of uses.



Metallised plastic pouch for snacks

In the packaging industry metallised PET and OPP have started to replace foil laminates in products like snacks, dry powder pouches, oxygen-sensitive liquids (to some extent) and medical/pharmaceuticals. While metallised nylon and PE (Polyethylene) are used more widely in the meat export market. In addition to that, metallised films are also used as susceptors, that absorb electromagnetic energy normally from a microwave oven and convert that energy into heat.

Mylar Balloons

 



In decorations, metallised films due to their aesthetic properties are widely used in decorations such as Christmas tinsels and in items such as ribbons and wrappers. Metallised BoPET (Biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate) films are used in the production metallic helium-filled balloons commonly known as Mylar balloons.

Due to its heat insulation properties and resistance to radiation, metallised PET films are used in NASA spacesuits as well as in proximity suits worn by fire-fighters. Metallised films are also used in the construction of insulated shipping containers, which are used for the shipping of temperature sensitive products such as food products or chemicals.



Antistatic Bag



Metallised films are also used in electronics. It's sometimes used as a dielectric for the prodction of capacitors and metallised PET is used in the manufacture of antistatic bags, which are used for the shipping of electronic components.





Why CheapAffordableWebHosting.org is one of the best web services available

 

Hosting Package

Most web hosting sites provide monthly service subscriptions with different price points and varying levels of service. For as low as £0.93 a month, you will be able to gain access to the "Starter Package" services. This includes unlimited bandwidth and an unlimited amount of domains that could be hosted by your account. The minimum storage space allotted is 7,500 MB, which is pretty decent enough in my opinion.

However if you require more professional websites, you would tend to take up more space than that is allotted in the "Starter Package". Then the "Business Package" or "Professional Package" may be more to your taste.
For more information visit the Hosting Section on the website.

User-Friendliness

The amount of user-friendliness of a website's control panel goes a long way in selecting the right web host. Cheap Affordable Web Hosting provides a very intuitive and user-friendly interface that allows easy management of your website.

Other Features

Cheap Affordable Web Hosting also provides an array of other features that will aid you in the creation and maintaining of your website after publication. Some very useful tools available in all packages are a website builder, a file manager, website diagnostic tools and a bunch of free templates as well as loads of one-click installation of WebApps for your choosing. In addition to that, the "Professional Package" includes even more special e-Commerce tools.

Email functionality is also available that include your own domain name, customisable autoresponders and spam filters.
The number of email addresses allocated to an account depends on the package you've selected, but varies from 100 to unlimited as you go through each individual package.

Technical Support

Coming across many difficulties when you are creating your website or simply managing a few pages is very common. An efficient technical support team that could be able to attend to you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week is very important. In addition to that a very wide-ranging knowledge base should be readily available for the users to access when in need.
Cheap Affordable Web Hosting has a very efficient hands-on tech staff that could tend to your needs and solve your problems.

Your Choice

Choosing the right web host is the first step to success in the online world. Make sure you make it right and get that edge over your competition online.

Sign up to Cheap Affordable Web Hosting Now or visit the official blog for more infromation.